This article appears on The Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict Webpage.

Ending Conflict Between Ethiopia and Eritrea

Practically no citizen of Africa needs to be persuaded of the benefits of preventing war and political violence. Conflict in and around any country inevitably creates turmoil and its related problems, with negative consequences. Due to the easy availability of weapons of mass destruction, future political unrest could be worse. Defending against these weapons is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Thus, war and political violence must be addressed at their root cause: collective social stress. By reducing collective social stress, Ethiopia and Eritrea could prevent war and end political violence at home and on their borders.

Mozambique was the first country to try this approach. Following decades of war, the governmental leaders, including President Joaquim Alberto Chissano, wanted an extra boost to maintain a delicate peace in 1992. Even though the UN was on the way, they decided to employ Consciousness-Based defense. The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces of Mozambique assigned an additional duty to several military units of Ground, Naval and Air Forces. That duty was to practice a simple mental technique.

Before implementing the technique, the Joint Chiefs of Staff carefully studied extensive research on Consciousness-Based defense. Using consciousness to prevent war was a radical idea, but Mozambique was drained from war and desperate for peace. The military units’ new duty was to practice the Transcendental Meditation program in groups twice daily. Their Commander-in-Chief, President Chissano, as well as other high-ranking leaders, practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique themselves.

The Transcendental Meditation technique is a simple, easily learned, non-religious meditation practice. Physicist and Vedic scholar Maharishi Mahesh Yogi revived the Transcendental Meditation program from India’s ancient Vedic tradition. Over 600 scientific studies have been conducted on this technique and its related programs. Transcendental Meditation has been proven to eliminate stress individually and collectively. Mozambique adopted it, and the advanced TM-Sidhi program, to prevent the return of war, improve its economy and cut the crime rate.

Soon, positive trends were observed. Crime decreased substantially. Lt. General Tobias Dai, then Commander of the Mozambique Armed Forces (now the Defense Minister), said, “When thousands of people were taught in Maputo, it was possible to assess a decrease of 20% in the crime index during the first quarter of 1993. This situation was totally anomalous, because, at the end of the war, an increase of crime would be expected.” This trend was repeated in other areas. “The same thing (crime decrease of 20%) happened in the city of Quelimane and the province of Manica,” said Dai.

As part of the peace agreement, the military began to demobilize. Groups of meditators disbanded and the positive trends reversed. Dai said, “What is very clear is that once the positive effect is created, if group practice is stopped, the previous tendencies of higher collective stress, as determined from the crime indexes and the tense situations in the country, began to rise again. In 1994, there was a remarkable decrease in coherence in the country as a result of decreased participation in the group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program…” New groups of meditators, although smaller, were formed.

Over the decades, Mozambique has been devastated by problems. It sought independence from Portugal in 1964. Even after independence was achieved in 1975, civil and border conflicts ensued. Massacres, drought, and famine plagued the populace.

The population often lived in a climate of fear. In 1986, armed forces from one of Mozambique’s factions were expelled from the neighboring country of Malawi. As these fighters poured into northern Mozambique, tens of thousands of Mozambican refugees flooded Malawi to escape violence. The next year, large numbers of Mozambicans were massacred. The country was brought to the verge of collapse.

Mozambique is a prime example of how fear is a driving force in the current defense paradigm. When conflict and war erupt, this fear-based model applies to factions within countries, as well as between opposing countries. As in other countries, Mozambique’s conflicts dragged on for years, inciting fear in the population. Often, unrest affects neighboring countries, spreading violence. For instance, the South African Defense Force raided Mozambique in 1981.

Fear of attack causes countries and factions to build up arms. This is a self-reinforcing cycle as other groups are drawn into the fray. While the cycle of arms build-up brings wealth to arms dealers, it drains resources that might be better spent on alleviating economic, social, and environmental problems.

Historically, peace-making and peacekeeping forces are usually ineffective at stopping civil and interstate war. The prospects of stopping a large-scale war are dim. Lt. General Dai said, “The proposed future UNO (United Nations Organization) mission…was not a guarantee of the maintenance of peace — as has been seen in many countries in the world.” Mozambique’s strong desire for permanent peace was a significant factor in their choosing Consciousness-Based defense. Mozambique was the only country to try Consciousness-Based defense in the 1900’s. It also had “the only successful UNO mission in the world,” said Dai.

Extensive research indicates that only one percent of a population practicing the TM technique results in a coherent society. Fewer practitioners of the more advanced TM-Sidhi program seem to be needed to create the same effect — just the square root of one percent of the population.

Nearly fifty studies on the social coherence-creating effects of the TM and TM-Sidhi program have been conducted in the last 25 years. Peer-reviewed publications, such as The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Social Indicators Research, Journal of Crime and Justice, Journal of Mind and Behavior, and International Journal of Neuroscience are among the respected scientific journals that have published studies. The changes include: reductions in war deaths, crime, violence, accidents, and illness; improvements in economic conditions; and enhanced quality of life.

President Chissano asserts that creating peace with Consciousness-Based defense requires a shift in consciousness. “The culture of war has to be replaced by the culture of peace,” says Chissano. “For that purpose, something deeper has to be changed in our minds and in our consciousness to prevent the recurrence of war.”

Mozambique was the first country to deploy Consciousness-Based defense in modern times. In the face of modern dangers, Ethiopia and Eritrea have the chance to put Consciousness-Based defense to the ultimate test. Mozambique has lead the first charge. Now Ethiopia and Eritrea have the opportunity to go down in history as the creators of peace for the whole of Africa.

About the Authors:

Dr. David R. Leffler received his Ph.D. on the topic of Consciousness-Based military defense. Mrs. Lee M. Leffler received her Master of Arts in Professional Writing.

Please read Major General Singh’s comments published in U.S. Medicine, a major national magazine for health professionals published in Washington, DC.

More information about Consciousness-Based defense is also available at: https://www.CenterForAdvancedMilitaryScience.org.

Table II. Maharishi Effect Papers and Presentations

This table is part of the paper “An alternative to military violence and fear-based deterrence: Twenty years of research on the Maharishi Effect” by (available on this website by clicking here) by Dr. David R. Leffler, Dr. Kurt Kleinschnitz, & Dr. Kenneth G. Walton (1999, May 1). The English version of this paper first appeared in Kosovo Peace and a German translation was published shortly after in Kosovo Frieden. Later the English version was published in Security and Political Risk Analysis (SAPRA).

#	Citation	Experimental Design	Findings
1	Abou Nader, T. M., Alexander, C. N., & Davis, J. L. (1984). The Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field and reduction of armed conflict: A comparative, longitudinal study of Lebanese villages. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2623-2633).	Five Lebanese villages in the war region, each with population of 10,000, were studied over the period October 1978 to March 1984. In July 1982 one village, Basinka, reached the 1% TM threshold. Quarterly war data was obtained from the most objective newspaper in Lebanon. Differences between Basinka and control villages reached a significance of p<.005.	• War shelling fell (p<.005). • War casualties fell (p<.005).• War property damage fell though fighting in the region intensified (p<.005). • Violence ceased in Basinka compared to control villages (p<.00001).
2	Alexander, C. N., Abou Nader, T. M., Cavanaugh, K. L., Davies, J. L., Dillbeck, M. S., Kfoury, R. J., & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1984). Effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the war in Lebanon: A time series analysis of the influence of international and national coherence creating assemblies. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2687-2714).	TM-Sidhi groups assembled for two weeks on three occasions in 1984, in the US, Lebanon, and Yugoslavia, each of size predicted to impact events in Lebanon. Studied with time series intervention analysis, each assembly produced a significant impact with p<.0038, p<.000036, and p<.016 respectively, while the impact of the three together was p<.000046.	• Positivity in Lebanon rose strikingly by an average of 2.34 points (on a -4 to +4 scale) above a baseline of negativity of -.82 (p<.000046). • War deaths fell by 55%, an average of 3.6 per day (p<.00036). • War injuries fell by 38%. • Currency value rose by .93 cents per week during assemblies, but declined .13 cents per week across the six-month period (p<.01).
3	Assimakis, P. D. (1989). Change in the quality of life in Canada: Intervention studies of the effect of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50(5), 2203B.	The impact of the MIU TM-Sidhi group on violent death, accident fatalities, cigarette consumption, and work-days lost in strikes over the years 1972–1986 was assessed using time series impact analysis.	• Violent deaths (traffic fatalities, homicides, & suicides) fell 4.1% (p<.01). • Fatalities due to accidents fell 5.1% (p<.005). • Cigarette consumption fell 10.1% (p<.001). • Work-days lost in strikes fell 18.8% (p<.001)
4	Assimakis, P. D. & Dillbeck, M. C. (1995). Times series analysis of improved quality of life in Canada: Social change, collective consciousness, and the TM-Sidhi program. Psychological Reports, 76, 1171–1193.	The impact of the MIU TM-Sidhi group on Canadian quality of life was assessed from 1983 to 1985 using time series analysis of weekly data (n=156 weeks). For 78 weeks of the 156 the MIU group exceeded threshold.	• Violent death rate fell (p<.001). • Quality of life improved (p<.0001). • Influence of the TM-Sidhi group was not linear—an addition of 635 to the group produced a 4.1% reduction in Canadian violent death.
5	Beresford, M. S., & Clements, G. (1983). The group dynamics of consciousness and the U.K. stock market. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2616–2622).	The “All Share” Index for Great Britain was studied for 1982–1983. Time series analysis was used to assess the impact of a British TM-Sidhi group exceeding a threshold of 250 (on nine occasions.	• “All Share Index” of Great Britain rose during and following above-threshold periods (p<.01). • “All Share Index” during above-threshold times rose at 8 times the ordinary rate.
6	Borland, C., & Landrith, G. S. III. (1976). Improved quality of city life through the Transcendental Meditation program: Decreased crime rate. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 1, pp. 639–648).	The change in crime rate in 11 US 1% cities, with population greater than 25,000, from 1972 to 1973 were compared to changes in matched control cities using FBI Uniform Crime Report data for these years.	• Crime rates fell 16% as compared to 11 matched control cities (p<.001). • Crime rates fell 8.2% compared to 1971–1972 rates for these same cities (p<.002).
7	*Burgmans, W. H. P. M., Burgt, A. T. van der, Langenkamp, F. P. Th., & Verstegen, J. G. (1983). Sociological effects of the group dynamics of consciousness: Decrease of crime and traffic accidents in Holland. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2566–2582). *Note: also Sijben, W., (1983). (dissertation) same as Burgmans, et. al. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, Vol. 4, A Taste of Utopia, University of Twente, Netherlands, Crime and traffic accidents dropped as a TM-Sidhi group in Holland exceeded threshold during 3 separate periods during the years 1971–1982.	A retrospective time series analysis study of national crime and traffic accident rates in Holland over the years 1971 to 1981 was conducted using monthly figures provided by the Holland Central Office for Statistics.	A Holland national TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold three times in the years 1971 to 1981. • Crime rate dropped each time the TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold (p<.02). • Traffic accident rate dropped each time the group exceeded threshold (p<.001).
8	Cavanaugh, K. L. (1987). Time series analysis of U.S. and Canadian inflation and unemployment: A test of a field-theoretic hypothesis. Proceeding of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp. 799–904).	Monthly figures for Okun’s “misery index” (sum of inflation and unemployment rates) for the US. and Canada were assessed for years 1979 to 1988 using Liu’s linear transfer function method. The null hypothesis, the Maharishi Effect produced no influence, was strongly rejected.	• Misery index in US fell 39.9% as the MIU group exceeded threshold (p<.01). • Misery index in Canada fell 29.3% as the MIU group exceeded threshold (p<.00004).
9	Cavanaugh, K. L., & King, K. D. (1988). Simultaneous transfer function analysis of Okun’s misery index: Improvements in the economic quality of life through Maharishi’s Vedic Science and technology of consciousness. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp. 491–496).	US. misery index, monetary growth and crude materials prices were studied using a linear transfer function method. The three taken together were significant at p<1.6 x 10-12 indicating a significant impact of the group on the US national economy.	For the years 1979 to 1988 as the MIU group exceeded threshold economic trends improved in the US as the MIU group exceeded threshold. • Misery index fell 36.1% (p< 8.7×10-7). • Growth rate of monetary base impacted (p<.00001). • Crude materials rate of price increase fell 13% (p<.000026).
10	Cavanaugh, K. L., King, K. D., & Ertuna, C. (1989). A multiple-input transfer function model of Okun’s misery index: An empirical test of the Maharishi Effect. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section, (pp. 565–570).	Okun’s “misery index” was studied in the US from 1980 to 1988 controlling for monetary growth, rate of change of crude material prices, and rate of change of industrial production using a multiple-input transfer function method.	• Decline in the US. misery index from its peak in 1980 to 1988 was due in measure to the Maharishi Effect. • Misery index fell by 1988 to 40% of the 1980 peak value with 31.1% of the decline attributable to the MIU group (p<3.2×10-9). • In this model each 100 additional participants in a the TM-Sidhi group produced a further decrease of .31% in US. inflation and unemployment.

#	Citation	Experimental Design	Findings
11	Cavanaugh, K. L., King, K. D., & Titus, B. D. (1989). Consciousness and the quality of economic life: Empirical research on the macroeconomic effects of the collective practice of Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the Midwest Management Society (Chicago, IL: Midwest Management Society), 183–190.	The impact of the MIU group TM-Sidhi program on the twin “miseries” of inflation and unemployment was studied using multiple input time series analysis on US economic data over the period 1979 to 1988. Strong statistical evidence for a causal role is presented.	• Increases in the size of a TM-Sidhi group led to measurably improved economic conditions. • Inflation and unemployment together fell 4.65 points, about 40% (p<.01). • Group TM-Sidhi practice had a more significant impact on unemployment and inflation than either of the usual explanations, monetary base growth or supply side shocks.
12	Cavanaugh, K. L., Orme-Johnson, D. W., & Gelderloos, P. (1984). The effect of the Taste of Utopia Assembly on the World Index of international stock prices. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2715–2729).	The “World index” of 1,100 securities from 19 countries was studied using transfer-function analysis for the impact of a group of 7,000 TM-Sidhi experts gathered for three weeks.	• World stock market index rose at an annualized percentage rate of 85%, while in the three-week periods both preceding and following the assembly, the rate was -1% (p<.005).
13	Davies, J. L. (1988). Alleviating political violence through enhancing coherence in collective consciousness: Impact assessment analysis of the Lebanon war. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(8), 2381A. *Editor’s Note: After this paper was published by SAPRA, this impact analysis study was published. Please see: Davies, J. L. and C. N. Alexander. “Alleviating political violence through reducing collective tension: Impact Assessment analysis of the Lebanon war.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality (2005, 17: 285-338).	A database of articles related to events in Lebanon from many media sources compiled by the Lebanese Information and Research Center in Washington, D.C. was used to assess the impact of seven large TM assemblies held at varying distances from Lebanon on events in Lebanon over the years 1983–1985. Box-Jenkins impact analysis assigned a significance of p<.0001 to the TM intervention overall, and p<.01 for each individual assembly.	• Cooperation among antagonists rose by 66% (p<4 x 10-7). • War intensity fell 48% (p<3 x 10-9). • War fatalities fell 71% (p<5 x 10-7). • War injuries fell 68% (p<5 x 10-7).
14	Davies, J. L., & Alexander, C. N. (1983). The Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field and improved quality of life in the United States: A study of the First World Peace Assembly, Amherst, Massachusetts, 1979. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2549–2563).	A TM-Sidhi group of 2,500 assembled in Massachusetts for 6 weeks in 1979. Predicted in advance, and compared with trends over the same period for the previous 8 years in Massachusetts, and the US as a whole, the Maharishi Effect was studied using t-tests. Time series analysis was used for the Standard & Poor’s Composite Index of stock prices.	• Traffic fatalities in US fell 6.5% (p<.0001). • Violent crime in US fell 3.4% (p<.02). • Air transport fatalities in US fell 20.8% (p<.05). • US fatal accidents fell 4.0%. • Standard & Poor’s Index rose 5.0% (p<.035), and Dow Jones rose 4.8%. • Traffic fatalities in Mass. fell 19% (p<.05). • Violent crime in Mass. fell 10% (p<.00001). • Mass. air traffic fatalities dropped 83% (p<.001).
15	Davies, J. L., & Alexander, C. N. (1989). Alleviating political violence through enhancing coherence in collective consciousness: Impact assessment analysis of the Lebanon war. Paper presented at the 85th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association., Atlanta, GA.	The Lebanon war was the most extreme and violent of the more than 60 conflicts world-wide in years 1983–1985. For 11% of this period, TM-Sidhi groups of size sufficient to impact the war were assembled on 7 separate occasions at varying distances from the country. The combined significance of all indicators together is p<9×10-20.	• War intensity fell 48%, fatalities fell 71%, injuries fell 68%, cooperation rose 66%. • Effects of temperature, holidays, the possibility that courses were initiated upon hearing some good news, existing trends in Lebanon, media coverage, selected pruning of data or period, measurement artifact, bias, coincidence, seasonal cycles, and behavioral interaction between course and nation are all controlled for in the study.
16	Dillbeck M. C. (1978). The Transcendental Meditation program and a compound probability model as predictor of crime rate change. Paper presented at the Midwest Sociological Society Meeting, Omaha, Nebraska.	Dillbeck creates a statistical model for crime rates and validates it on 108 US cities, and then the US as a whole. He then applies the model to Kansas City where 4 of 23 metropolitan cities reached 1% TM during the years 1972–1975. Linear regression analysis was used to predict immediate future crime trends based on past performance, and comparing the 1% cities to the remaining cities.	• Crime rate dropped 17.3% the year the cities reached 1% TM while crime in the remaining (control) cities rose by 12.8% (p<.001). • Crime rate remained 14.5% less in following years in 1% cities, compared to an 11.6% increase in remaining (control) cities (p<.001).
17	Dillbeck, M. C. (1988). (abstract) Collective consciousness and social change: Effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on U.S. violence. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, 95(1), A56.	Box-Jenkins transfer function analysis was used to assess the impact of US weekly violent death trends for 1982–1985 for homicide, suicide and traffic fatalities.	• Violent death due to homicide, suicide, traffic fatalities in US. during 1982–1985 declined sharply when the MIU Maharishi Effect group size exceeded threshold.
18	Dillbeck, M. C. (1990). Test of a field theory of consciousness and social change: Time series analysis of participation in the TM-Sidhi program and reduction of violent death in the U.S. Social Indicators Research, 22, 399–418.	Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving averages analysis and transfer function analysis were used to assess the impact of the MIU TM-Sidhi group on US weekly violent fatalities due to traffic accident, homicide and suicide across the period 1979–1985.	• Violent death decreased 5.5% due to the influence of the TM-Sidhi group. Thus, 63% of the total decrease in violent death is attributable to group TM-Sidhi practice (p<.0001). • In the model each additional participant in the national TM-Sidhi group reduced annual violent deaths by 3.8 lives.
19	Dillbeck, M. C., Banus, C. B., Polanzi, C., & Landrith III, G. S. (1988). Test of a field model of consciousness and social change: The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and decreased urban crime. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 9(4), 457–485.	Study 1: 160 randomly chosen US cities, in 4 different size categories, comprising 26% of US metropolitan population were studied for the impact of level of TM participation during years 1967–1978 on FBI crime statistics using cross-lagged panel analysis to assess causality. By 1976 TM participation in these cities had reached .45%. Study 2: 80 randomly chosen standard metropolitan areas, comprising 47% of US metropolitan population were studied using multiple regression analysis. By 1976 TM participation in these metropolitan areas had reached .33%. Study 3: Time series analysis is used to assess the impact of a TM-Sidhi group on D.C. weekly violent crime totals over the period October 1981 to October 1983.	• Causal role of TM participation in decrease of crime rate trends is demonstrated with high order of confidence in a study of 160 randomly chosen US cities (p<.01 for half the years, p<.05 for remaining years). • Causal role of TM participation in crime rate trends is demonstrated with high order of confidence in a study of 80 randomly chosen large metropolitan areas (p<.01 for each year 1972 on). • Violent crime drops .295 events per week for each TM-Sidhi participant, or a total reduction of 2,929 violent crimes across the two years for a TM-Sidhi group numbering an average of 321 (p<.001). • The analysis suggests that 76.6% of the decrease in violent crime in D.C. in years 1981–1983 was attributable to impact of the TM-Sidhi group.
20	Dillbeck, M. C., Cavanaugh, K. L., & Berg, W. P. (1983). The effect of the group dynamics of consciousness on society: Reduced crime in the union territory of Delhi, India. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2583–2588).	3,000 TM-Sidhi experts assembled in New Delhi, India November 1980. Group size diminished in following months through March 1981 when the threshold number was no longer exceeded. Time series analysis was used to study the intervention using daily crime data.	• Crime decreased 11% compared to previous trends (p<.0001).

#	Citation	Experimental Design	Findings
21	Dillbeck, M. C., Cavanaugh, K. L., Glenn, T., Orme-Johnson, D. W., & Mittlefehldt, V. (1987). Consciousness as a field: The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and changes in social indicators. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 8(1), 67–104.	Time series analysis is used to assess the impact on crime trends of five separate Maharishi Effect interventions around the world. In New Delhi, crime rates dropped. In Puerto Rico, the impact of a group numbering 185 was significant. In the Philippines crime decreased and quality of life rose. In Rhode Island quality of life rose during the study, and continued to improve when many residents began the practice of TM.	• Crime fell 11% in Delhi, India (p<.0001). • Crime fell significantly in Puerto Rico as a group was established, and rose after its departure (p<.025). • Crime fell 12% in the Philippines (p<.005). • Quality of life rose in the Philippines (p<.025). • Quality of life rose in Rhode Island (p<.01). • Quality of life remained higher following the intervention in Rhode Island (p<.01).
22	Dillbeck, M. C., Foss, A. P. O. Zimmermann, W. J. (1993). Maharishi’s Global Society Campaign: Improved quality of life in Rhode Island through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2521–2531).	300 TM-Sidhi experts went to Rhode Island from June 12 to September 12, 1978. Using Delaware, a similar state, as a control, time series analysis on monthly data from 1974 to 1980 for crime rate, motor vehicle fatality rate, motor vehicle accident rate, death rate, beer consumption, cigarette consumption, unemployment rate, and pollution, was used to assess the impact of the Maharishi Effect.	• Quality of life—as assessed by an index composed of crime rate, vehicular fatality rate, vehicular accident rate, death rate, beer consumption, cigarette consumption, unemployment and pollution—improved significantly both during (p<.01) and following (p<.005) the intervention.
23	Dillbeck, M. C., Landrith III, G. S., & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1981). The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of forty-eight cities. Journal of Crime and Justice, 4, 25–45.	The authors compared all 24 US cities with 1% TM in 1972 to 24 control cities matched for population, college population, and geographical region. Crime rates for 1967 to 1971 served as control period, and 1972 to 1977 as experimental period. 10 demographic factors were included in a bivariate analysis of covariance of crime rate slope and immediate 1973 crime rate decrease.	• Crime rate immediately dropped 14% in Maharishi Effect cities as compared to control cities (p<.01). • Crime trends in 1% cities remained an average of 3.8% below predicted levels for the following five years.
24	Dillbeck, M. S., Landrith III, G. S., Polanzi, C., & Baker, S. R. (1982). The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change: A causal analysis. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2515–2520).	Cross-lagged panel correlation was used to assess causality between TM participation and crime rate decreases in two studies, one using 160 randomly chosen cities, the second using 80 randomly chosen metropolitan areas which include over 47% of the total US metropolitan population. The studies controlled for 10 confounding variables and used linear regression to predict crime rates from baseline years 1964–1971. Evidence for causality in the 160 cities on a year-to-year basis exceeded p<.05 on 3 and p<.01 on 3 of the 7 years total. In 80 metropolitan areas, p<.01 for all 7 years.	• Crime trends nationwide in the US fell an average of 18% below conservatively predicted levels attributable to TM participation during years 1972–1978. • Crime reductions due to TM participation were established on a high level of statistical significance.
25	Dillbeck, M. C., Larimore, W. E., & Wallace, R. K. (1984). A time series analysis of the effect of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: Reduction of traffic fatalities in the United States. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2589–2599).	The MIU TM-Sidhi group exceeded the US threshold of 1,520 17 times in 1982. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the group impact on US traffic accidents. At level 1,520 participants, a significance of p<.014 was obtained. At higher level 1,600 (reached 10 times) p<.005 was obtained.	• Traffic fatalities in the US nationwide fell 2.8 per day when the MIU TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold (p<.014). • Traffic fatalities in the US fell 7.5 per day for a day with an addition of 100 to the 1,520 group size, lagged slightly.
26	Dillbeck, M. C., Mittlefehldt, V., Lukenbach, A. P., Childress, D., Royer, A., Westsmith, L., & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1984). A time series analysis of the relationship between the group practice of Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program in crime change in Puerto Rico. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2678–2686).	A TM-Sidhi group reached the predicted threshold of 185 for Puerto Rico during April, May, and June 1984. Using “Category 1” (major crimes) crime data from 1969 to 1984, time series intervention analysis was used to assess the impact of the group.	• Crime in Puerto Rico fell an average of 649 crimes per month below predicted values when the TM-Sidhi group threshold was exceeded (p<.025). • Crime stayed below predicted levels for 4 months following consistent with the predicted effect from the large US assembly in 1984 (p<.025).
27	Dillbeck, M.C., & Rainforth, M.V. (1996). Impact assessment analysis of behavioral quality of life indices: Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, (pp. 38–43).	Study 1: A behavioral index was computed based on monthly data from 1970 to 1986 on U.S. motor vehicle fatalities, suicides, homicides, accidental death, notifiable diseases, alcohol consumption and cigarettes taxed and analyzed as a dependent variable, with TM-Sidhi program participation (avg. daily number of participants) as the independent variable using Liu and Hanssens linear transfer function. Study 2: Data collection and analyses in Study 1 were replicated for Canada.	• A significant effect, 36.1%, of the threshold value of the independent variable (the square root of 1% of U.S. population) on behavioral quality of life in the U.S. was obtained. • A similar statistically significant effect, 31.6%, was obtained in the replication for Canada.
28	Gelderloos, P., Cavanaugh, K. L., & Davies, J. L. (1990). The dynamics of U.S.-Soviet relations, 1979–1986: Effects of reducing social stress through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. An abridged version of this paper, entitled “A simultaneous transfer function analysis of U.S.-Soviet relations: A test of the Maharishi Effect” published in the Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 1990, pp. 297–302. Editor’ Note: See also: Cavanaugh, K. L., Gelderloos, P., & Dillbeck, M. C. (2018). Group practice of the Meditation-Sidhi program and improved U.S.-Soviet relations. Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute, 8, 125-164.	Simultaneous transfer function modeling was used to study US-Soviet relations over the years 1979–1986. Content analysis of articles from the Zurich project was analyzed using Azar’s coding rules. Analysis yielded p<.00001 for the positive effect of the TM and TM-Sidhi programs on US-Soviet relations. Both monthly and weekly data were assessed, with comparable result.	• US actions towards the USSR improved after the MIU TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold, lagged 3 months. • US actions towards the USSR improved with a 2-month lag as the group reached a size of 1,700. • USSR actions toward the US improved 2- to 4-months after the TM-Sidhi group reached 1,700.
29	Gelderloos, P., Frid, M. J., Goddard, P. H., Xue, X., & Löliger, S. A. (1988). Creating world peace through the collective practice of the Maharishi technology of the Unified Field: Improved U.S.-Soviet Relations. Social Science Perspectives Journal, 2(4), 80–94.	Time-series assessment of the impact of the MIU TM-Sidhi group on the 347 public comments by President Reagan related to the Soviet Union over the period April 1985 to September 1987. Neutral raters blind to the hypothesis rated content of each item. The joint significant of all impacts together was p<.007.	• Public statements by the US president about the USSR became increasingly positive by an average of 4 points on a 14-point scale (p<.024 at lag 0 weeks, p<.002 at lag 3 weeks).
30	Gelderloos, P., Frid, M. J., & Xue, X. (1989). Improved U.S.-Soviet relations as a function of the number of participants in the collective practice of the TM-Sidhi program, Abstract insert in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, 96(1), A33.	All 478 public statements by the US president about the USSR over the years 1984–1987 were rated on a war-peace scale. Time series analysis of quartile distributions of the number in the MIU TM-Sidhi groups had a significant relationship with the positivity of the president’s utterances. These two results together were highly significant at lags 0 and 3 with p<.0007.	• Public statements of the US. President about the USSR and its General Secretary became more positive as the Maharishi Effect group size increased (p<.0019 for lags 3, 5, and 8 weeks together). • More statements were made about the USSR when numbers were above the second quartile at lag 2 (p<.0087).

#	Citation	Experimental Design	Findings
31	Goodman, R.S. (1997). The Maharishi Effect and Government: Effects of a national demonstration project and a permanent group of Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program practitioners on success, public approval, and coherence in the Clinton, Reagan, and Bush Presidencies. (Doctoral dissertation, Maharishi University of Management, 1997). (Also in Goodman, R.S., Orme-Johnson, D.W., Rainforth, M.V., Goodman, D.H. (in press). Transforming political institutions through individual and collective consciousness: The Maharishi Effect and government. Proceeding of the 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C.)	Study 1: A Maharishi Effect intervention group called the National Demonstration Project (NDP) was created in the US capital. Predictions were lodged in advance with government leaders and newspapers. The research protocol was approved by an independent Project Review Board comprised of criminologists, sociologists, and political scientists from six independent universities as well as civic leaders and representatives from the police department. The first study used time series structural break analysis. Study 2: ARIMA times series transfer function analyses was used to measure the effects of large groups practicing the TM and TM-Sidhi programs (the independent variable) on the Clinton, Reagan, and Bush administrations.	Study 1: Variables showed a significantly changed trend in the predicted direction toward greater positivity after NDP began, p values are one-tailed: • Clinton’s approval rating showed a net change increase (p=5.29 x 10-8). • Media positivity toward Clinton showed a net change increase (p=.01). • Emergency psychiatric calls decreased (p=.009). • Hospital trauma cases decreased (p=.02). • Complaints against the police decreased (p=.01). • Accidental deaths decreased (p=.05). • Quality of life index improved (p=3.22 x 10-5). Study 2: All p values are one-tailed. • Bi-weekly data showed statistically significant increase of approval rating and media positivity for Clinton (from p=.03 to p=.0005). Bush and Reagan (Reagan media positivity not available) monthly data showed similar results (p=.035 to p=4.09 x 10-18). • Analysis of U.S. interactions with other countries (net cooperation, WEIS data set) during Reagan administration showed significant influence of the TM-Sidhi group (p=4.82 x 10-12). • Increases in TM-Sidhi group associated with increases in net cooperation of the U.S. with other countries (p<.01 for significant lags of independent variables).
32	Gowing, S. G. (1986). (BSW thesis) What does the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field mean for social work? A study in Australia., Unpublished BSW honors thesis. University of Sidney, Australia.	Time series analysis was used to assess the impact of two above-threshold Maharishi Effect events on Australian trends in January 1983 (n=400) and on New South Wales trends for April 1984 (n=192).	• Traffic fatalities fell 13.9%, a reduction of 34 fatalities (p<.0005). • Unemployment fell 8.3%, meaning work was found for 39,230 people (p<.0005). • Stock value increased 1% per day of the impact period p<.025).
33	Hagelin, J. S., Orme-Johnson, D. W., Rainforth, M., Cavanaugh, K., & Alexander, C. N. (1999). Results of the National Demonstration Project to Reduce Violent Crime and Improve Governmental Effectiveness in Washington, D.C. Social Indicators Research, 47, 153-201.	A Maharishi Effect intervention was created and studied in the US capital. Predictions were lodged in advance with government leaders and newspapers. The research protocol approved by an independent Project Review Board set the experimental period from June 7 to July 30, 1993. Time series analysis was employed in the study.	• Crime fell 23% below the predicted level when the TM-Sidhi group reached its maximum (p<2 x 10-9 for weekly data). • Temperature, weekend effects, or previous trends in the data failed to account for changes. • Public approval of the US president suddenly changed from a negative trend to a positive trend, as predicted (p<.00002).
34	Hatchard, G. (1977). Influence of the Transcendental Meditation program on crime rate in suburban Cleveland. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 2, pp. 1199–1204).	40 suburban areas of Cleveland were studied for a relationship between crime and TM participation over the years 1972 through 1976. Crime decreases from 1973 to 1974, from 1974 to 1975, and 1975 to 1976, the years for which some areas exceeded 0.5% participation in the TM program, were significant at p<.001, p<.01, and p<.001 respectively.	• 4 of the 40 Cleveland suburban areas reaching 1% TM in 1974 . • Crime dropped 8.1% in 1974 compared to 1973 in 1% suburbs, while increasing an average of 4.0% in the remaining suburbs (p<.001). • Crime in 1% neighborhoods dropped an additional .7% from 1974 to 1975 while increasing an average of 5.7% in the remaining suburbs (p<.01).
35	Hatchard, G. D., Deans, A. J., Cavanaugh, K. L. , & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1996). The Maharishi Effect: A model for social improvement. Time series analysis of a phase transition to reduced crime in Merseyside metropolitan area. Psychology, Crime and Law, 2(3) 165–174.	Time series analysis of monthly crime data and coherence group size from 1978 to 1991 shows a phase transition occurred during March 1988 when the group size first exceeded threshold (p<.00006)	• Crime rate fell by 16% in Merseyside, but increased by 20% in the rest of England and Wales by 20% • Merseyside moved from third highest crime rate of all metropolitan areas, to second lowest crime rate. • 170,000 fewer crimes were reported in Merseyside than expected over 3-1/2 year period. • Savings to government are projected at £850 million.
36	Landrith III, G. S., & Dillbeck, M. C. (1983). The growth of coherence in society through the Maharishi effect: Reduced rates of suicides and auto accidents. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, p. 2479–2486).	All US 1% cities with populations greater than 10,000 (n=21) were matched with control cities for geography, population, and college population but less than .07% practicing TM. The study controlled for eight demographic variables and compared rates for 1972 to 1977 to those of control cities and to rates for 1967 to 1971 for the same city. Multivariate t-test analysis of the data yielded a statistical significance of p<.005.	• Suicide rates fell 3.2% in 1% cities but rose 2.7% in control cities (p<.001). • Traffic accidents fell 1.8% in 1% cities, but rose 5.2% in the controls (p<.001).
37	Lanford, A. G. (1984a). Reduction in homicide in Washington, D.C. through the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field, 1980–1983: A time series analysis. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2600–2608).	Time series analysis of weekly homicide data for the period August 1980 to November 1983 (n=173) in Washington, D.C. was investigated for a threshold of 400 TM-Sidhi experts, obtained 38 out of 76 weeks.	• Homicides fell by 0.9 per week, a 22% decrease, when threshold was exceeded (p<.02).
38	Lanford, A. G. (1984b). The effect of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on stock prices of Washington, D.C. area based corporations, 1980–1983: A time series analysis. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2609–2615).	Time series analysis of weekly stock price data for Washington, D.C. corporations 1980–1983 (n=173) in Washington, D.C. was investigated for a threshold of 400 TM-Sidhi experts locally, obtained 38 out of 76 weeks, or for the MIU TM-Sidhi group.	• Stock prices for Washington D.C. corporations rose an average of $2.46 during weeks in which either the local TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold, or the MIU group exceeded threshold (p<.01, and p<.0005, respectively).
39	Leffler, D.L. (1997). A Vedic approach to military defense: Reducing stress through the field effects of consciousness. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Union Institute, 1997).	Study assessed impact of the presence and then the absence of a TM-Sidhi group of 100 to 150 in Cleveland metropolitan area on ability of police personnel to perceive and report stress.	• Scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale decreased during the intervention and then rose following the intervention (p<.007).
40	Lubeck, M.R. (1997). (EBD study, Maharishi University of Management, unpublished).	The impact of the TM-Sidhi group at M.U.M. and practitioners of the TM program throughout the U.S. was assessed using time series analysis and structural break analysis. The study measured the relationship between traffic fatalities, retail sales, and vehicle miles traveled when the predicted threshold was surpassed for the TM-Sidhi program group at M.U.M. alone, and for practitioners of the TM program throughout the US.	• Preliminary results of the structural analysis indicated that when the number of practitioners reached predicted thresholds there was a significant decrease in traffic fatalities, controlling for the vehicle miles traveled. Also, the relationship between retail sales and vehicle miles significantly changed when the size of the TM-Sidhi group exceeded threshold: A much lower increase in traffic fatalities occurred with an increase in the economy. Overall, there was a 5% average decrease when all of the thresholds were met (p<.001)

#	Citation	Experimental Design	Findings
41	Orme-Johnson, D. W., Alexander, C. N., Davies, J. L., Chandler, H. M., & Larimore, W. E. (1988). International peace project in the Middle East: The effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32(4), 776–812.	An Israel Maharishi Effect group was established summer 1983. The number of participants varied on a daily basis from a low of 65 to a high of 241. Time series analysis and transfer function analysis are simultaneously used, and results compared, on six variables, and three composite quality of life indicators.	• War intensity dropped 45% (p<.0045) • War deaths dropped 76% (p<.02) from a mean of 40 deaths per day to 9.7 per day. • Crime in Israel dropped 12% (p<.0016) from a mean of 608 per day to 535 per day. • Crime in Jerusalem dropped 8.8% (p<.023) from a mean of 46.7 per day to 42.6 per day. • Fires dropped 30% (p<.045) from a mean of 8 per day to 5.6 per day. • Auto accident fatalities fell 34% (p<.024) from a mean of 3.9 per day to 2.5 per day. • Taken together, quality of life improved by 1.3 standard deviation units in Israel (p<.0001), by .75 in Lebanon (p<.02) and by .94 in Jerusalem (p<.003)
42	Orme-Johnson, D. W., Cavanaugh, K. L., Alexander, C. N., Gelderloos, P., Dillbeck, M. C., Lanford, A. G., & Abou Nader, T. M. (1987). The influence of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on world events and global social indicators: The effects of the Taste of Utopia Assembly. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2730–2762).	An experiment to assess the influence of the Maharishi Effect on world trends was conducted starting December 1983 for three weeks. A group of over 7,000 TM-Sidhi experts assembled at MIU in Iowa. Statistical significance was obtained in every category of the predicted results using, for heads of state-content analysis; for positive-negative event-content analysis; for Lebanon war events-content analysis; increase in stock prices-regression analysis; for traffic fatalities world-wide-chi square; for air traffic fatalities-contingency table analysis; for patent applications-chi square; for infectious disease rate-a randomization test; for crime rate-time series analysis.	• Heads of state successfully reversed prior negative trends in their nations (p<.004). • Positive events increased and negative events decreased during the assembly (p<.002). • In Lebanon great progress towards peaceful resolution of war was made during experiment, but was lost after (p<.006). • World stock index rose .77 points per day during assembly, which was declining .14 points per day previous to and following the assembly (p<.001). • Traffic fatalities were 18 percent lower than predicted (p<.0001). • Air traffic fatalities world-wide were the fewest ever reported (p<.0001). • Patent applications rose simultaneously in nations world-wide by 15.2% (p<.0001). • Infectious disease rates fell by 33% in reporting nations US and Australia (p<.0001). • Crime rates fell in national capitals (p<.000001).
43	Orme-Johnson, D. W., Dillbeck, M. C., Alexander, C. N., Chandler, H. M., & Cranson, R. W. (1989). (abstract) same as Orme-Johnson, et. al. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers Vol. 5, Orme-Johnson, D. W., Dillbeck, M. C., Alexander, C. N., Chandler, H. M., and Cranson, R. W. Time series impact assessment analysis of reduced international conflict and terrorism: Effects of large assemblies of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A., August 1989. *Editor’s Note: After this paper was written, this impact analysis study was published. See: ORME-JOHNSON, D. W., DILLBECK, M. C., and ALEXANDER, C. N.: 2003, ‘Preventing terrorism and international conflict: Effects of large assemblies of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs’. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 36, pp. 283-302.	Three large assemblies approaching the Maharishi Effect threshold for the world (n=7,000) were held during the years 1983–1985. Time series analysis was used in conjunction with the content analysis of world-wide news events reported in the New York Times and London Times. The Rand Corporation data bank was used to study international conflict (p<.025, p<.005 and p<.01 for each of the three assemblies) and terrorism (p<.025). Time series analysis of the World index of stock price yielded p<.025.	• International conflict decreased 32% (p<.025). • Terrorist casualties decreased 72% (p<.025). • Capitol International World Stock Index increased (p<.025). • The Maharishi Effect had a rapid onset. • The Maharishi Effect influenced trends from distances of thousands of miles. • Violence was reduced in other nations without intrusion by other governments.
44	Orme-Johnson, D. W., Dillbeck, M. C., Bousquet, J. G., & Alexander, C. N. (1983). An experimental analysis of the application of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified field in major world trouble-spots: Increased harmony in international affairs. Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, p. 2532–2548).	In 1978 a total of 1,400 TM-Sidhi experts went to 5 world trouble spots—Lebanon, Iran, Rhodesia, Kampuchea, and Nicaragua—for 10 weeks to create the Maharishi Effect. 14,567 events for 1978 were recorded in the Conflict and Peace Data Bank, the world’s largest such resource. Contingency table analysis of COPDAB data against a 10-week control period, against a 1-year baseline, and against a 10-year baseline all showed improvement. Time series analysis showed the project had a strong and statistically significant effect world-wide. Investigators report trouble-spot areas experienced noticeable decreases in violence and disorder upon arrival of the group, and, in general, a return to previous trends upon their departure.	Compared to a ten-week baseline, world-wide trends improved • Hostile acts, as a proportion, decreased nationally 16.7% (p<.002). • Verbal hostilities, as a proportion, increased nationally by 3.5% (p<.01). • Cooperative events, as a proportion, rose nationally by 13.2% (p<.007). • The number of cooperative events increased 115%. Compared to a one-year baseline, world-wide trends also improved (p<.001). As proportions: • Hostile acts decreased 8.4%. • Verbal hostilities decreased 5.7%. • Cooperative events increased 14.1%. Compared to a ten-year baseline, world-wide trends again improved (p<.001). As proportions: • Hostile acts decreased 2.8%. • Verbal hostilities decreased 1.0%. • Cooperative events increased 3.8%.
45	Orme-Johnson, D. W., & Gelderloos, P. (1984). The long-term effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the quality of life in the United States (1960–1983). Scientific Research on Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program: Collected Papers, (Vol. 4, pp. 2634–2652).	US quality of life was studied over the years 1960–1983 using a comprehensive index comprised of 12 annual measures related to crime, health, economics, education, safety, and marital happiness in society. The percentage of US TM participation together with the number in the MIU TM-Sidhi group comprised the Maharishi Effect variable. Evidence the Maharishi Effect caused improved quality of life came from lagged cross-correlations predicting quality of life from TM-participation showing this indicator accounted for 44% of the variance p<.0001. Regression analysis yielded a similar result with p<.0001 as well.	A reversal of long-term decline in US. quality of life occurred as large no. of US population began TM and accelerated sharply when the square root of 1% threshold exceeded. • Crime rate fell for the first time in 20 yrs. by .78%, 4.3%, and 7.6% in 1981 to 1983, the first three years of the MIU TM-Sidhi group. • Civil cases reaching trial dropped 11.5% in 1982–83. • Infectious diseases declined 7% in 1983. • Infant mortality reached all-time low in 1983. • Suicides have fallen from 1977 peak. • Hospital admissions began a decline in 1981. • Cigarette consumption showed largest decline, 6.2% in 1983. • Alcohol consumption began a steep decline from 1981 onwards. • Drug abuse reversed trends starting 1982. • GNP per capita rose 2.3% in 1983 marking the end of the recession. • Unemployment declined sharply starting 1983. • Poverty increases leveled off in 1982. • Patent applications reached highest level ever in 1982. • Degrees conferred per capita begin to rise in 1982 • Divorce rates reversed a steady increase beginning in 1982. • Traffic fatality rate fell dramatically starting 1981. • Fatalities due to fire started a continuing decline in 1975, while number of fires remained constant. • Iowa trends improved even more dramatically than USA trends. • Quality of life in the US is projected to improve 13% annually if a group of 3,000 TM-Sidhi experts is maintained, 36% annually with 5,000 experts, and 72% annually with 7,000 experts.
46	Orme-Johnson, D. W., Gelderloos, P., & Dillbeck, M. C. (1988). The effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the U.S. quality of life (1960–1984). Social Science Perspectives Journal, 2(4), 127–146.	US quality of life was studied over the years 1960–1984 using an index composed of 11 annual measures of crime, health, economics, creativity, marital stability, and safety. With the Maharishi Effect as the independent variable and quality of life as dependent regression analysis gives an impact with p<.0001. Checking for the impact of the TM-Sidhi group, regression analysis for years following 1976 was significant at p<.002. Cross correlation analysis was used to assess causality with result p<.05 indicating TM meditator rate could successfully predict quality of life changes, but not vice-versa. The years 1982–1984 studied separately as the Maharishi Effect index exceeded one due to growth of the MIU TM-Sidhi group. The Maharishi Effect group could account for 83.2% of the variance in the quality of life indicator with p<.0002. Testing for the effect of the group alone over the years 1982–84 gave a significance of p<.0001	• US quality of life, on a downward slide since 1960, reversed its trend in 1976 when the percentage of the US population practicing TM increased significantly. • US quality of life continued to rise at a rate predicted by the rate of individual practice of TM together with the size of the MIU TM-Sidhi group. • US quality of life reversed trends from decline to increase when .4% of the US population had learned TM in 1976. • Acceleration in quality of life change without precedent was found from 1982 to 1984 as the Maharishi Effect index exceeded 1% threshold. • Alternative explanations such as availability of new technology, change of population distribution, etc., are ruled out because they cannot predict the changes in quality of life. • All areas of life are found to improve simultaneously as a function of the increase of the Maharishi Effect influence, and the quality of rise was unique after the 1% threshold was crossed.
47	Reeks, D. (1990). Improved Quality of Life in Iowa through the Maharishi Effect. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(12), 6155B.	Time series transfer function analysis related the size of the MIU Maharishi Effect group to monthly rates of unemployment, traffic accidents, crime and a quality of life index composed of these three over the years 1979–86 as the group varied in size.	• Unemployment fell as group size increased (p<.004). • Crime fell as group size increased (p<.0001). • Traffic fatalities fell as group size increased (p<.0001). • Quality of life improved (p<.006).

Back to article

Including Comments About Invincible Defense Technology The article and comments below are excerpted from 55 Trends Now Shaping the Future of Terrorism, a US government report sponsored by the Joint Information Operations Program Office (JIOPO), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and the National Security Agency (NSA). In this report, prepared for the U.S. government’s think tank Proteus USA, the authors have identified specific implications of trends in the area of future terrorism. They are assisted by more than fifty of the world’s premier authorities in the fields of antiterrorism, intelligence, security, and policing. This expert panel included members of the intelligence community, specialists from the U.S. government and military, security consultants, think tank staffers, forecasters, university professors, and local police officials. Most came from the United States, but Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Russia, and Switzerland also were represented. This report provides security officials, agencies, think tanks, and academic institutions from across government and the private sector with keen insights into trends that will influence terrorism and counter terrorism.

Variations of the Appendix C: from this report were also reprinted worldwide in The Huffington Post, The Seoul Times, Aljazeera Magazine, Hi Pakistan, Arab News, Al Arabiya, Frontier India Strategic & Defence, Beirut-Online, Daily Online Alochona, Senegambia News, Congo Forum, Dhaka Mails, Democratic Labor Party Bangladesh, Sudan Watch, Islam And Muslims, The Morung Express, Southern Asian Outlook, New Age Islam, News Wing, Soldier of Africa, The Earth Times, Northern News Lines, Pakistan Link, News of Interest, Chowk, Sinhala, Middle East Online, News From Bangladesh, Newstrack India, MEPeace, The Pakistan Spectator, Muslims.net, Fiji Daily Post, Congo Watch, United News Network, Muslim World Today, Sri Lanka Guardian, Bangladesh Business On Line, Blitz, Sentinel Review, PakTribune, Pakistan Daily and the Lahore, Pakistan-based South Asian Media Net.

An Overlooked, Proven Solution to Terrorism Comments About Invincible Defense Technology

Excerpts about Invincible Defense Technology taken from a 254-page report: “55 Trends Now Shaping the Future of Terrorism” edited by Dr. Marvin J. Cetron and Owen Davies. The Proteus Trends Series, Volume 1, Issue 2. Issued Feb 2008. A PDF of the entire report is available online on the Center for Homeland Defense and Security webpage at the Naval Postgraduate School website at: https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=485366.

Note: The text in blue boxes was written by the editors of the report. The text in green boxes was written by Dr. David Leffler, an expert in Invincible Defense Technology. Dr. Leffler’s comments appeared in the original document on pages 18, 79, 176, C-13 through C-16.

Ten Most Important Trends for the Future of Terrorism Relatively few of our panelists rank-ordered the ten trends they believed would be most important for terrorism. Many simply picked out ten trends they felt deserved attention. Others provided comments for many more than ten without identifying the most significant. Some responded to only two or three trends. And of the participants who did suggest an order of importance for their selections, no two agreed with any of the others about the relative position of their choices. Bringing order out of this chaos has required some creativity. The list below is arranged according to the average rank assigned by the participants, with some extra weight accorded to trends that were picked the most often. The first three trends in the list were reasonably clear. After that, there was less agreement. The result is not the order Forecasting International’s staff would have chosen. Neither does it match the order established by any of the participants. However, we believe that it represents a rough consensus of the panelists’ views as fairly as possible. With that preface, here are the top ten most important trends for terrorism, in approximate descending order of significance. Evidence for each trend and other details are available in the next section of this report. 2 – Militant Islam continues to spread and gain power. (Trend 9) It has been clear for years that the Muslim lands face severe problems with religious extremists dedicated to advancing their political, social, and doctrinal views by any means necessary. Most of the Muslim lands are overcrowded and short of resources. Many are poor, save for the oil-rich states of the Middle East. Virtually all have large populations of young men, often unemployed, who are frequently attracted to violent extremist movements. During its proxy war with the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, the United States massively fortified the Muslim extremist infrastructure by supplying it with money, arms, and, above all, training. It is making a similar mistake today. The overthrow of Saddam Hussein and the American occupation of Iraq has inspired a new generation of jihadis, who have been trained and battle-hardened in the growing insurgency. In a now-declassified National Security Estimate, the American intelligence community concluded that Al Qaeda was more powerful in 2007 than it had been before the so-called “war on terror” began—more dangerous even than it had been when it planned the attacks of September 11, 2001. American support for Israel has also made the United States a target for the hatred of Muslim extremists.

Expert Comments: Leffler: Research in the Middle East, published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Conflict Resolution, demonstrated that a sufficiently large group of Invincible Defense Technology experts in Israel affected the war in nearby Lebanon. The Lebanon War intensity dropped 45 percent, war deaths dropped 76 percent, and quality of life improved by 0.75 standard deviation units. In Israel, crime dropped by 12 percent and quality of life improved by 1.3 standard deviation units. Areas with a low quality of life can be a breeding ground for terrorism. Based on this research, it is clear that Invincible Defense Technology is capable of greatly reducing the protracted sectarian violence in the Middle East.

52. International exposure includes a growing risk of terrorist attack. State-sponsored terrorism has nearly vanished, as tougher sanctions have made it more trouble than it was worth. However, some rogue states may still provide logistical or technological support for independent terrorist organizations when opportunities present themselves. Nothing will prevent small, local political organizations and special-interest groups from using terror––to promote their causes. These organizations have found inspiration in the successes of Al Qaeda, and many have found common cause. Until recently, attacks on U.S. companies were limited to rock-throwing at the local McDonalds, occasional bombings of bank branches and of U.S.-owned pipelines in South America, and kidnappings. Since September 11, U.S.-owned hotel chains have experienced major bombings, in part because U.S. Government facilities overseas have been effectively hardened against terrorist assault. As the United States has been forced to recognize, the most dangerous terrorist groups are no longer motivated primarily by specific political goals, but by generalized, virulent hatred based on religion and culture. Terrorism has continued to grow around the world as the Iraq war proceeds, even as the rate of violence in Iraq itself has, at least temporarily, declined. Risks of terrorism are greatest in countries with repressive governments and large numbers of unemployed young men. On balance, the amount of terrorist activity in the world will continue to rise, not decline, in the next 10 years. This was seen in corrections to the State Department’s April 2004 report on terrorism, which originally seemed to show a sharp drop in terrorist incidents. In fact, terrorist attacks had risen sharply since the invasion of Iraq, both in number and in severity.

Expert Comments: Leffler: Major General (Ret.) Kulwant Singh, Ph.D. (http://www.invinciblemilitary.org/about/Maj_Gen_Singh.html) and associates are creating a group of 15,000 experts in Invincible Defense Technology (IDT) in central India. Based on the results of peer-reviewed scientific research published in Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, (http://invinciblemilitary.org/articles/sapratableii.html#b43) this group should be sufficiently large to reduce terrorism globally. This research showed that international conflict dropped 32 percent and deaths due to international terrorism dropped 72 percent when a large enough group of experts in IDT was in place. Therefore, when the group of IDT experts in India is large enough, the incidence of terrorist attacks world-wide is predicted to decrease.

Appendix C: An Overlooked, Proven Solution to Terrorism

David R. Leffler, Ph.D. Executive Director, Center for Advanced Military Science at the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, 11/19/07 Despite its advance technology and valiant efforts, the Department of Defense (DoD) is struggling to eliminate terrorism utilizing its current strategies and tactics. Terrorism and war are human problems requiring human solutions. The underlying cause of these, and other types of social violence, is accumulated social stress. Therefore, to eliminate such social problems, the DoD needs to reduce collective societal stress. No collective stress means no tension between the United States and other countries, religious groups, and insurgents. No terrorism.

Extensive scientific research[1] indicates that the best way to reduce collective societal stress, and thereby snuff out war and terrorism, is by adopting an ancient strategy: “Avert the danger that has not yet come.” Maharishi Mahesh Yogi has revived the ancient Vedic technology of Invincible Defence in a non-religious manner. It has been quietly and successfully used by members of many faiths to eliminate conflict in the recent past. By applying this human resource-based technology, which is non-lethal and non-destructive, the military could reduce tensions and control terrorism. In this way, the military becomes invincible because the country takes out the enmity of the enemies. With no enmity between them, former enemies become friends and the nation becomes invincible because there are no enemies to fight.

A Prevention Wing of the Military would be the ideal way to utilize this ideal goal of invincibility. This wing would comprise about 2 to 3 percent of the military. The remaining personnel would carry out their normal military duties. The Prevention Wing of the Military would be trained in the primary components of Invincible Defence Technology—the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program and its advanced practice, the TM-Sidhi program. They would practice these techniques in large groups, morning and evening. According to extensive scientific research, the size of the group needed to reduce social stress depends on the size of the population. The group size needs to be at least the square root of one percent of the population.

To calculate this number, multiply the population size by 0.01, and then take the square root of this number. For instance, the U.S. has a population of approximately 301 million. 301,000,000 x 0.01 = 3,010,000. The square root of 3,010,000 is approximately 1,735, so a group of at least 1,735 IDT experts would be needed. The group size needed to affect the world is currently about 8,126. Studies show that when this threshold is crossed, the “Maharishi Effect” takes place. Crime goes down, quality of life indices go up, and war and terrorism abate. For instance, a Maharishi Effect intervention was created and studied in the U.S. capital in 1993.

Predictions were lodged in advance with government leaders and newspapers. The research protocol was approved by an independent Project Review Board. Crime fell 23 percent below the predicted level when the TM-Sidhi group reached its maximum. Temperature, weekend effects, or previous trends in the data failed to account for changes. This research was published in the peer-reviewed Social Indicators Research.[2] Over 50 studies have shown that Invincible Defense Technology works. Mozambique used IDT to end its civil war in the 1990s. Today, Holland, Bolivia, Columbia, Trinidad, and Peru have enough practitioners of the TM-Sidhi program to be invincible. The United States is close to having a large enough group. And India is working on a global project. These are all civilian groups.

How Does Invincible Defense Technology Work?

The causal mechanism for IDT is not completely understood, however, a study published in 2005 in the Journal of Social Behavior and Personality[3] offers an explanation of a proposed causality of IDT in biological terms. Research on the powerful neurotransmitter serotonin research has shown that is produces feelings of contentment, happiness and even euphoria. Low levels of serotonin, according to research, correlate with violence, aggression, and poor emotional moods. The IDT study showed that higher numbers of IDT experts practicing in groups correlated with other community members having a marked increase in serotonin production. These results were statistically significant and followed the attendance figures.

This offers a plausible neurophysiologic mechanism to explain reduced hostility and aggression in society at large. The experience of transcendental consciousness in the advanced individual TM practitioner appears to be associated with an increase in serotonin activity and a decrease in cortisol. As far as we can speculate, the experience of transcendental consciousness during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique produces coherence in the brain of the TM practitioners (more powerfully in a group) and enlivens coherence within the unified field. Since the unified field underlies everything and everyone, there is increased coherence in the non-TM practitioner’s brain as well.

Serotonin is materially involved in this increased coherence. This research was referenced in a paper published by the Security and Political Risk Analysis (SAPRA) think tank which puts this in a more complete context. The paper is available at: http://davidleffler.com/sapraalternative.html . Theoretical physicists allude to the unified field as the basis of all laws of nature. IDT appears to work from this fundamental level. The Maharishi Effect happens when collective consciousness is made more coherent through IDT.

Examples

One year ago, civilians in the Netherlands quietly formed a large enough group of IDT experts to achieve the Maharishi Effect. Since then, civilian groups in Bolivia, Trinidad, Columbia, and Peru took responsibility for building sufficiently large groups. The United States is very close to achieving the requisite number of IDT experts through the Invincible America Assembly[4] in Fairfield, Iowa. The pilot project in Mozambique dissolved after the UN broke up the military as part of the civil war treaty. High school students, who will graduate and move on, make up the bulk of the practitioners in Columbia. Limited economic opportunities in Iowa have hindered the development of a permanent group in the U.S.

Civilian groups may not be reliable over the long term. The DoD is responsible for protecting the nation, and is obligated to thoroughly examine realistic, scientifically-proven methods for ending war and terrorism. Since the military is funded and its personnel are paid to perform their duties, it is not subject to the fluctuations of donors, jobs, graduations, and optional activities. Military members are paid to follow orders and protect the nation. Ultimately, it is the DoD’s duty to build a Prevention Wing of the Military.

A Paradigm Shift, In Progress

Dr. Carla Brown examined bias against IDT in her Harvard doctoral dissertation,[5] which explored whether and how members of the Middle East policy community applied truth and utility tests to research findings. The study she used had been published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution showing a dramatic 45 percent reduction in war intensity and 75 percent reduction in war deaths when a critical mass of experts practiced IDT in large groups. Dr. Brown found that several respondents in each elite group that she interviewed were likely to examine a similar paper in the future, motivated in part by their examination of the quality of science involved. She also explored how some of her interviewees did not take the effort to examine the research, including some social scientists that were critical of the research.

Dr. Brown explored means for overcoming barriers to use of this research, including prejudice. At a time when the research outcomes described are greatly needed, this paper may provide context for those who want to understand their own prejudice or built in reservations. This paper helps defense experts better understand why Invincible Defense Technology is difficult for people to accept, and how these barriers can be addressed. This research has been published in the Journal of Social Behavior and Personality.[6] A paradigm shift is taking place in the U.S. military. “We believe that preventing wars is as important as winning wars,” according to a new strategy announced by the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard in October.

This is the biggest revision of U.S. naval strategy in 25 years, by focusing more on humanitarian missions and improving international cooperation. From the U.S. Army side, Colonel Brian M. Rees, M.D., M.P.H., Medical Corps, U.S. Army Reserve, recently completed his Masters research paper from the U.S. Army War College on the topic of IDT called “The Applications of Strategic Stress Management [SSM] in Winning the Peace,” available at: http://www.invinciblemilitary.org/rees/Col_Rees_Masters_Paper.htm . The paper concluded that “SSM has demonstrated efficacy when addressing the nefarious activities of criminals and terrorists, as well as the legal violence of combatants.” Colonel Rees recently gave presentations to the Proteus Management Group at Carlisle and Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S. (AMSUS) about how Invincible Defense Technology could prevent the collective stress responsible for war and terrorism.

Notes:

1. http://invincibility.org/research.html
2. http://invinciblemilitary.org/articles/sapratableii.html#b33
http://web.archive.org/web/20120210130837/http://invincibility.org/research.html3. Walton, K. G., Cavanaugh, K. L., & Pugh, N. D., (2005) “Effect of Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program on 3. Biochemical Indicators of Stress in Non-Meditators: A Prospective Time Series Study.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 17(1), 339-373.
4. https://istpp.org/news/2007_11_ia_assembly.html
5. http://www.researchuse.org/
6. Brown, C. L., Overcoming barriers to use of promising research among elite Middle East policy groups. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 17(1), 489-546.

Disclaimer: This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, it may not be copyrighted. Visit our website for other free publications at: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/proteus. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Note: A Kindle version of the report is available here:

SPECIAL REPORT

By Dr. John Hagelin and Dr. David Leffler

South Korea Needs a Defense System Beyond Nuclear Weapons

The following article was contributed by Dr. John Hagelin and Dr. David Leffler to The Korea Post for publication on the occasion of the 59th aniversary of Korean War.–Ed. [copy of the original introduction by the Editor of The Korea Post]

International tensions continue to escalate in response to the latest North Korean nuclear test, missile tests, and threats to attack South Korea. As a New York Times editorial asserts, “There is no military option here. Diplomacy—backed by stiff sanctions—is the only hope for walking North Korea back from the brink.” But now that North Korea has abandoned the long-standing 1953 armistice, diplomacy alone may not be sufficient to resolve the crisis—which is driven by human behavioral dynamics that cannot be controlled by diplomatic and economic sanctions alone.

War, whether hot or cold, is a human problem requiring human solutions. War often thrives in chaos. The underlying cause of conflict is accumulated social stress. Even if a military solution to the Korean conflict seems doomed, the military of South Korea could still deploy a new scientifically verified technology of defense to reduce societal stress and end the conflict.

A New Solution

A proven new technology of defense is now available—a technology of national security, fully capable of defending South Korea from any destructive technology, including nuclear weapons. Militaries have already applied this technology in order to defuse and eliminate conflict. Extensive research has confirmed its effectiveness. This new technology is easily applied, highly cost-effective, and can prevent disruption and attack from within the country or outside the country.

This new technology of defense is based upon the latest discoveries in the fields of physics, neuroscience, and physiology. Ultimately, it is based on the discovery of the unified field of all the laws of nature—the most fundamental and powerful level of nature’s dynamics. Technologies based upon this unified field of natural law have such concentrated power that they can render obsolete and irrelevant every previous objective technology and destructive means of defense.

Modern science has probed deeper levels of nature’s functioning, from the macroscopic world of classical physics to the world of the atom, then to the underlying field of the atomic nucleus, and then to the subnuclear levels of nature’s functioning. This exploration has culminated in the discovery of the unified field, the unified source of the diversified laws of nature governing the universe. From its purely self-interacting dynamics, the unified field creates from within itself all the particles and forces that compose the universe, and all the diversified streams of natural law governing the nuclear, atomic, molecular, and macroscopic levels. Because this unified field is vastly more powerful than any other level of nature’s dynamics, a technology of defense based upon the unified field is of historic importance. It is already changing the whole science and technology of defense.

The discovery of the unified field is not a philosophical development. It is a scientific development of the foremost order—a rigorous mathematical development based upon the Lagrangian of the unified field, a highly compact mathematical formula that describes the self-interacting dynamics of unity at the basis of all the diverse laws of nature governing the universe. A technology based upon this complete, most comprehensive level of nature’s functioning is completely different from and vastly more powerful than all previous defensive technologies based upon diversified levels of natural law—nuclear technologies, chemical technologies, biological technologies, electronic technologies—because these all utilize specific laws of nature in isolation. The unique power of the unified field and of technologies of the unified field reveals that invincibility in nature is only available at this superunified scale.

Any defense strategist today understands that more fundamental, more powerful levels of nature’s functioning offer technologies that are increasingly powerful. For example, a country armed only with chemical weaponry, such as explosives, cannot protect itself against a nation equipped with nuclear weaponry.

But it is important to understand why nuclear weaponry is more powerful. In physics the quantum principle, or uncertainty principle, states that dynamism increases at more fundamental scales: more precisely, the energy associated with a physical process is inversely proportional to the distance scale or time scale associated with that process. That’s why nuclear power, associated with transitions at the nuclear scale, is a million times more powerful than chemical technologies based upon transformations at the molecular scale. The atomic nucleus is a million times smaller and hence a million times more powerful than the chemical or molecular level.

The principle here is that an invincible structure at one level of technology can be easily overwhelmed by a more fundamental level of technology. The ultimate application of this basic principle is that the unified field, at the superunified scale—the Planck scale of nature’s functioning, which is ten thousand times more fundamental and more powerful even than the grand unified forces—is completely invincible. Any previous level of technology, including all technologies of defense, is easily overwhelmed and rendered obsolete through a technology of the unified field. And it is just such a technology that South Korea needs to deploy today.

A Safe Solution

At this point, an intelligent reader might ask, “Is such a technology of the unified field safe?” The development of nuclear power has threatened humankind with nuclear conflagration and has cast a shadow over the safety and security of the whole world. What potential dangers could accompany a technology of the unified field, which is a thousand million million times more powerful?

Fortunately, there is no danger to humankind from these technologies of the unified field. A technology of the unified field operates at the basis of the laws of nature governing the universe—a completely unified and holistic level of nature’s functioning. Because this level of natural law is holistic, it is naturally free of the negative, unanticipated side effects that accompany technologies based upon fragmented levels of natural law.

The unified field is the unified source of all the laws of nature governing the universe. It is a field of purely life-supporting, life-nourishing influence that gave rise to all life and all forms and phenomena in the universe. From that unified level, only life-supporting effects are possible—as confirmed now by over 600 scientific studies that have explored the effects of this technology of the unified field on individual life and on the life of society. These studies have found only life-nourishing, positive benefits, based upon the holistic nature of the unified field-based technology involved.

The Transcendental Meditation Program: Accessing the Unified Field Within

This capability of this unified field-based defense technology is the basis of the world’s traditions of meditation. Properly understood and property practiced, meditation throughout the ages has been a systematic technology to turn human awareness within to experience and explore finer levels of thought. And the experience of these deeper levels of human intelligence corresponds to the experience of deeper levels of intelligence in nature. This inward exploration of consciousness culminates in the direct experience of the deepest level of consciousness—this simplest, silent, settled state of human awareness, sometimes called the state of pure consciousness—in which the human mind identifies with the unified field. By turning the attention systematically within, human awareness experiences and explores deeper levels of nature’s functioning and directly experiences the unified field at the source of thought—the field of unity at the basis of mind and matter.

This approach of direct experience of the unified field is both ancient and modern. The Vedic tradition of knowledge, from ancient India, is the most complete and highly developed tradition of meditation in the world. And yet this ancient approach of gaining knowledge and experience of natural law, the unified field, has also become the focus of intense scientific research over the past 50 years. The late Maharishi Mahesh Yogi has revived, from the ancient Vedic science of consciousness, systematic technologies for experiencing the unified field, including the Transcendental Meditation program and its advanced techniques. These meditation practices are known as Invincible Defense Technology (IDT) in military circles. They have been successfully used by members of many faiths to eliminate conflict in the recent past. If the military of South Korea were to apply this human resource-based technology, which is non-lethal and non-destructive, it could reduce the collective societal stress that is fueling the rising tensions between North and South Korea.

The Prevention Wings

A Prevention Wing of the Military would be the ideal way to achieve this goal. This wing would comprise about 2 to 3 percent of the military of South Korea. The remaining personnel would carry out their normal military duties. The Prevention Wing of the Military would be trained in the primary components of IDT. They would practice these technologies in large groups, morning and evening.

These Vedic technologies of consciousness, as revived by Maharishi, have become the world’s most widely practiced, extensively researched, and broadly prescribed by doctors of any program of meditation in the world—indeed, of any program for the promotion of full human potential. These techniques systematically lead the attention within to experience the unified field—and this experience harnesses and mobilizes the unified field for practical application in the life of the individual and society.

The innate capability of the human brain to experience the unified field through these meditation programs has been validated in many ways. Millions of people practice Transcendental Meditation regularly twice a day and gain experiential confirmation through the direct experience of unity, of universal intelligence at the basis of mind and matter. Extensive scientific research confirms the completely holistic, life-supporting benefits of this experience of the unified field for all aspects of health, learning, brain development, and behavior. More than 600 published scientific studies, conducted by over 250 independent universities and research institutes in 35 countries, make this technology of consciousness the world’s most extensively proven technology for the full development of human potential. All these wide-ranging, purely positive benefits are a testimony to the unified, holistic nature of the unified field and its technologies.

The Maharishi Effect

According to extensive scientific research, the size of the group of IDT experts needed to reduce social stress in a given population must be at least the square root of one percent of the population. To calculate this number, multiply the population size by 0.01, and then take the square root of this number. For instance, South Korea has a population of approximately 49 million, and 48,600,000 x 0.01 = 486,000. The square root of 486,000 is approximately 698. So a group of at least 698 IDT experts would be needed.

Studies show that when the required threshold of IDT experts is crossed, crime goes down in the affected population, quality of life indices go up, and war and terrorism abate. Scientists have named this phenomenon the Maharishi Effect in honor of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who first predicted it.

For instance, in 1993, a two-month Maharishi Effect intervention was implemented and studied in Washington, DC, the capital of the US. Predictions of specific drops in crime and other indices were lodged in advance with government leaders and newspapers. The research protocol was approved by an independent Project Review Board. The findings showed that crime fell 23 percent below the predicted level when the TM-Sidhi group reached its maximum. Temperature, weekend effects, or previous trends in the data failed to account for changes. This research was published in the peer-reviewed Social Indicators Research (1999, vol. 47, 153-201).

Over 50 studies have shown that IDT works. The causal mechanism has been postulated to be a field effect of consciousness—a spillover effect on the level of the unified field from the peace-creating group into the larger population. On this basis, a study published in the Journal of Social Behavior and Personality (2005, vol. 17, 285-338) offers an explanation of a proposed causality of IDT in biological terms. Research on the powerful neurotransmitter serotonin research has shown that is produces feelings of contentment, happiness and even euphoria. Low levels of serotonin, according to research, correlate with violence, aggression, and poor emotional moods. The IDT study showed that higher numbers of IDT experts practicing in groups correlated with a marked increase in serotonin production among other community members. These results were statistically significant and followed the attendance figures in the IDT group. This finding offers a plausible neurophysiologic mechanism to explain reduced hostility and aggression in society at large.

The Maharishi Effect has also been documented on a global scale in a study published in the Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. When large assemblies of IDT experts exceeded the Maharishi Effect threshold for the world (about 7,000 at that time) during the years 1983–1985, terrorism globally decreased 72%, international conflict decreased 32%, and violence was reduced in other nations without intrusion by other governments. This study used data provided by the Rand Corporation

No Enemies Means No War

Today, the only way to assure national security and invincibility is to be a nation without enemies. Every military strategist will confirm that conventional means of defense can no longer protect a nation against modern destructive technologies: weapons of mass destruction, nuclear weapons, biological weapons, chemical weapons, long-range push-button electronic missile technologies, or terrorism. The only effective defense is to prevent the birth of an enemy. And this can now be easily achieved, in a scientific way, by targeting and neutralizing the enmity in a potential adversary so that no enemies arise.

This is strategic defense. In the past, nations would align their soldiers on the country’s border in the hope of preventing attack. Today any nation can simply launch a bomb across the border—and there is no defense against such electronic weaponry. The whole principle of defense based on offense, which has never really worked, is completely obsolete today—and everyone knows this. There is absolutely no scientific evidence to support the premise that war creates peace.

In the United States, for example, the Bush administration began its war on terror years ago and attacked Afghanistan, and subsequently Iraq, in the hope of eliminating its enemies. But there is no evidence today that the number of terrorists has been reduced through this war on terror; if anything, the number of would-be terrorists has increased. And therefore, the United States, like every other nation, remains insecure. In fact, the entire world is in an extreme state of vulnerability to attack.

Finally, every military commander has always been profoundly distressed by the need to send the youth of the country—the pride of the nation—onto the battlefield and into war. If the youth of the country are asked to die for their country, then for whom, ultimately, does that country exist? For whom, when the youth are sacrificing their lives for the sake of the country, and when those who survive the battlefield are asked to claim the lives of others? This is a terrible historic situation, a “kill or be killed” technology of defense that has never worked.

So what Maharishi has brought to the world, through his revitalization of this technology of the unified field and through intense scientific scrutiny of its deep principles, is really a technology of invincibility at a time of enormous global vulnerability. Now it is possible, through this most advanced technology of defense—the Invincible Defense Technology—to prevent war on a scientific basis, and to safeguard the youth of the country who, if they simply utilize this technology, will never have to face the devastation of war. This technology can literally prevent the birth of an enemy, and can create a family of nations that is harmonious and peaceful, each nation invincibly strong within itself.

The Opportunity for Permanent Peace in Both Koreas

The military of South Korea is charged with the constitutional responsibility to defend the country. It can now succeed in this mission simply by creating a Prevention Wing of the Military—a coherence-creating group of IDT experts equaling or exceeding the square root of 1% of the population of South Korea. The rest of the military can continue to do exactly what they already do and can continue to receive exactly the same training that they conventionally receive. Only a Prevention Wing of the Military needs to trained in these additional technologies for invincibility—the science and technology of consciousness, the technology of the unified field. That small group can prevent war on a scientific basis and produce such indomitable coherence and invincibility that none of the other soldiers will ever have to face the devastation of war. In addition, these technologies powerfully improve and benefit the lives of the soldiers themselves, developing their full brain potential, robust health, dynamism, imperviousness to the stress of the battlefield, and many other benefits, as scientific research has confirmed.

As part of its responsibility to protect the nation, South Korea’s military is obligated to thoroughly examine realistic, scientifically proven methods for preventing war and terrorism. IDT is such a method. Moreover, since the military and military personnel are funded by the government, a Prevention Wing of the Military would not be subject to the fluctuations in size that often affect civilian IDT groups, where participation may be influenced by finances, job demands, graduations, and optional activities. Military members are paid to perform their duties and protect the nation. Ultimately, it is the military’s duty to build a Prevention Wing of the Military.

Application of this technology is extremely easy and costs virtually nothing, because no expensive equipment or machinery or weaponry is required. All that is needed is the human nervous system—an extraordinarily sophisticated and refined machinery—which can be trained and put immediately to this purpose of accessing and harnessing the almost limitless power of the unified field. The fact that such a small group of soldiers can achieve true national security and invincibility, whereas previously thousands of soldiers could not, testifies to the power of this technology of the unified field, which operates at a level of nature’s functioning millions of times more powerful even than the nuclear level.

Even from within South Korean military academies, an invincible country could be achieved, because there are already enough cadets in training to easily exceed the square root of 1% requirement for South Korea. As part of their military preparation, these trainees could already be creating indomitable strength and invincibility for South Korea through this technology of the unified field. Indeed, education is a natural area in which to implement the technology of the unified field, because education should develop the full brain potential—the total potential of mind, body, and behavior—maximum health, dynamism, success, effectiveness, and creativity. All these results are achieved through the introduction of these technologies of consciousness that Maharishi has revived for the world—and as a side benefit, the invincibility of the nation is secured.

We emphasize that just a small percent of the military is needed. There is no risk to the military—nothing to lose and everything to gain. And by “everything,” we mean not only national security and invincibility—which are, of course, the foremost goal—but as side benefits, economic growth, improvement of health throughout South Korea, and improvement of educational standards in the country. When the national mood is bolstered and buoyed by growing positivity and coherence in collective consciousness, as generated by the IDT group, then consumer confidence is higher, inflation is lower, unemployment goes down, investments go up, and the markets boom.

All areas of society will be simultaneously enriched by this holistically life-supporting, life-benefiting technology. It is enormously effective and cost-effective, and the results are immediate. All that is necessary is to provide the proper training for a group of military personnel—or indeed, any large group within the country. South Korea has the opportunity today through IDT to create true national security and invincibility. But the time to act is now.

This article was published in the June 2009 issue of the Korea Post, Vol. 22, No. 6, p. 66-67. Original expired link: http://www.koreapost.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=Govt_Politics&wr_id=11&page=2 Other versions were published in the The Seoul Times, Sri Lanka Guardian, Frontier India World Affairs and Network of Spiritual Progressives.

This article was published on 2 January 2009 by Muslim World Today.

A Realistic Collective Strategy for both Pakistan and India to Prevent Terrorism

By Maj. Gen. Kulwant Singh (Retd.), Dr. John Hagelin and Dr. David Leffler

“[AJK President] Raja Zulqarnain Khan said that India should desist from its negative approach of blame games against Pakistan. He said both Pakistan and India should immediately adopt a collective strategy to root out and combat the menace of terrorism.”– “AJK President urges India to be realistic, ”Pakistan Observer 15 December 2008“ India has to have positive counter-terrorism methods so that we can end terrorism once for all. If evil minds combine, good minds have to cooperate and combat them.”– Former President APJ Abdul Kalam, Press Trust of India 2 December 2008

The attack by gunmen on Mumbai’s landmarks and hotels shows that the armed forces of India, despite their advanced technologies and valiant efforts, are still struggling to eliminate violent extremism and cannot guarantee peace for the nation. Pakistan’s military is in the same situation. For instance, over 50 people were killed in September when a truck bomb exploded, gutting the Marriott hotel in Islamabad.

Clearly, a new counter-terrorism strategy is badly needed in both countries.

Violent extremism is a human problem requiring human solutions. The underlying cause of extremist social violence is accumulated social stress. Therefore, to protect their nations effectively, the armed forces of both India and Pakistan need first to reduce the collective societal stress in their nations.

A new technology of defense now exists that can accomplish this goal. It is based upon the latest discoveries in the fields of physics, neuroscience, and physiology. Ultimately, it is based on the discovery of the unified field of all the laws of nature — the most fundamental and powerful level of nature’s dynamics. Extensive research has confirmed its effectiveness. This new technology is easily applied, highly cost-effective, and can prevent disruption and attack from within the country or outside the country.

This approach is known today as the Invincible Defense Technology (IDT). It has its roots in ancient technologies of consciousness, revived in modern times by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi as a non-religious approach to peace. These technologies of consciousness directly access and harness the unified field on the deepest level of human experience — pure consciousness itself. Extensive scientific research indicates that this approach reduces collective societal stress, eliminates extremism and thereby snuffs out war and terrorism. Over the past three decades it has been quietly and successfully used by members of many faiths to defuse and eliminate conflict.

The approach involves the creation of large groups of peace-creating experts practicing Invincible Defense Technology together. A Prevention Wing of the Military consisting of approximately 2% to 3% of the military of each country could easily achieve this goal. These special units in both countries would be trained in the technologies of consciousness revived by Maharishi — the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs — and would practice these techniques in large groups, twice a day.

Extensive research shows that the size of the group needed to reduce social stress in a given population should exceed the square root of 1% of the population size. India would therefore need to train approximately 3,350 soldiers and Pakistan approximately 1,288 soldiers as IDT experts.

Studies show that when the required threshold of IDT experts is crossed, crime rates go down in the affected population, quality of life indices go up, and terrorism and war abate. Scientists refer to this phenomenon as the Maharishi Effect in honor of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who first predicted it. As an example of this effect, in 1993 a two-month Maharishi Effect intervention was implemented in Washington, DC, the capital city of the US. Predictions of specific drops in crime and other indices were lodged in advance with government leaders and newspapers. An independent Project Review Board approved the research protocol. The findings showed that crime fell 24 percent below expected levels when the group size reached its maximum. Temperature, weekend effects, and previous trends in the data failed to account for these changes. The study was published in Social Indicators Research (1999, vol. 47, 153-201). Over 50 studies have shown that IDT works.

The causal mechanism has been postulated to be a field effect of consciousness — a spillover effect on the level of the unified field from the peace-creating group into the larger population. On this basis, a study in the Journal of Social Behavior and Personality (2005, vol. 17, #1, pp. 339-373) additionally offers a proposed explanation of causality in biological terms. Research conducted on the powerful neurotransmitter serotonin shows that it produces feelings of contentment, happiness and even euphoria. Low levels of serotonin, according to research, correlate with violence, aggression, and poor emotional moods. The IDT study showed that higher numbers of IDT experts correlated with a marked increase in serotonin production among other community members. These results were statistically significant and followed the attendance figures in the IDT group. This finding offers a plausible neurophysiologic mechanism to explain reduced hostility and aggression in society at large.

The Maharishi Effect has also been documented on a worldwide scale in a study published in the Journal of Offender Rehabilitation (2003, vol. 36, #1-4, 283-302) using data provided by the Rand Corporation. When large assemblies of IDT experts exceeded the Maharishi Effect threshold for the world during the years 1983-1985, terrorism decreased globally 72%, international conflict decreased 33%, and violence within nations was reduced without intrusion by other governments.

In the 1990s, the military in Mozambique used IDT to end its civil war. Today, The Netherlands, Bolivia, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Peru have enough practitioners of IDT to create the Maharishi Effect. The United States of America is close to achieving the requisite number of IDT experts through its Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield, Iowa. And a group large enough to have a global effect is planned for India. But these are all civilian groups, and most require financial support.

Since the militaries of Pakistan and India are funded by their governments and their personnel are paid to perform their duties and protect their nations, IDT groups in both militaries would not be subject to fluctuations of donors, jobs, student graduations, and optional activities. They would be permanent peace-creating groups for their nations.

The armed forces of Pakistan and India are responsible for protecting their respective countries, and are obligated to thoroughly examine realistic, scientifically proven methods for ending war and terrorism. IDT is such a method. Therefore, we feel it is the duty of the militaries of India and Pakistan to each create a Prevention Wing of the Military and make their nations truly invincible. It is the most realistic collective strategy for their good minds to cooperate and to root out and combat the menace of terrorism.

About the Authors:

Maj Gen (Retd) Kulwant Singh, UYSM, PhD leads an international group of generals and defence experts that advocates Invincible Defence Technology.

John Hagelin, PhD is the Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy (ISTPP), an organization in the United States that advocates prevention-oriented technologies. He is a Harvard-trained quantum physicist who won the prestigious Kilby Award, and appeared in the feature films The Secret and What the Bleep Do We Know? Dr. Hagelin also serves as the International President at the Global Union of Scientists for Peace.

David Leffler, PhD a United States Air Force veteran, is the Executive Director of the Center for Advanced Military Science (CAMS) at ISTPP. StrongMilitary.org

Original URL of this article: http://www.muslimworldtoday.com/david2.htm